Knee Osteoarthritis

 

Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint condition that develops when the protective cartilage in the knee gradually wears down over time. This cartilage normally allows the knee to move smoothly and absorb shock. As it becomes thinner or damaged, the joint can become painful, stiff, and less flexible.

What causes knee osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis usually develops slowly and is more common as people get older. Several factors can increase the risk, including:

  • Previous knee injury or surgery

  • Being overweight, which places extra stress on the knee joint

  • Repetitive strain from work, sport, or daily activities

Often, knee osteoarthritis develops due to a combination of factors rather than one single cause.

Common symptoms

Symptoms can vary, but commonly include:

  • Pain in or around the knee, especially during or after activity

  • Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after sitting for a while

  • Swelling or tenderness around the knee

  • Reduced range of movement

  • A grinding or clicking sensation when the knee moves

  • Difficulty with activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or standing from a seated position

Symptoms may worsen gradually over time.

How is knee osteoarthritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on:

  • A discussion of your symptoms and medical history

  • A physical examination of the knee

  • Imaging, such as X-rays, to assess joint changes

Treatment options

While there is no cure for knee osteoarthritis, many treatments can help manage pain and improve function. Treatment is usually tailored to the individual and may include:

  • Physiotherapy and exercise to strengthen muscles around the knee

  • Weight management to reduce joint load

  • Pain-relief medication

  • Activity modification

  • Knee supports or braces

  • Injections, such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid and platelet rich plasma (PRP)

For severe symptoms that do not improve with conservative treatment, knee replacement surgery may be considered.

Living with knee osteoarthritis

Many people manage knee osteoarthritis successfully with the right combination of treatments and lifestyle changes. Staying active, managing symptoms early and working closely with a healthcare professional can help maintain mobility, reduce pain, and improve quality of life.